How did the mongol conquests promote trade and cultural exchange

What does the man of the left represent? what does the men on the right represent? why is there a hat on central and south america?

Which factor best suggests a cause for the urban problems shown in this table? (3 points) increasing discriminatory housing practices shifting population density gradients over time declining urban renewal efforts by city governments declining basic employment sector in industrial cities increasing gentrification efforts in the inner cities

What does the term “escalation” refer to?