1. how did world war i and its aftermath contribute to the rise of fascism in europe in the 1920s?

Fascism emerged in the interwar period in Italy, as a result of the few advantages granted to Italy by the Treaty of Versailles.

The Italians, members of the Allied side in the First World War, considered that the Treaty was not fair with respect to their contribution to the war, and gave Italy less benefits than those it gave to France and Great Britain.

In this way, a nationalist and expansionist sentiment began to grow in the Italian population, who saw the figure of Mussolini as the representation of this nationalism.

The First World War was decisive in the gestation of fascism, causing massive changes in the conception of war, society, State and technology. The advent of total war and the total mobilization of society deepened the distinction between civilians and military. A "military citizenship" emerged, in which all citizens became involved with the military in some way during the war. The war thus highlighted the role of a powerful State capable of mobilizing millions of people to serve in the front line and provide economic and logistical production to support them, as well as having an unprecedented authority to intervene in the lives of citizens. For this, from a fascist point of view, the destruction of the parties and the unions was necessary; Democracy and voting were considered useless methods, and a system with a single political party was advocated.

d. migration

freedom of speech is also protected by the 1 amendment.

explanation:

here is pretty much what the 1st amendment says:

congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.