How did advancements in physics, chemistry, and astronomy cause the enlightenment?

enlightenment thinkers applied the scientific method to social problems.

enlightenment philosophers began their careers as natural scientists.

knowledge of physics and chemistry enabled advances in weaponry and machinery.

the study of science inspired great enlightenment poets to write about nature.

The Enlightenment is known by that name because people considered the scientific progress brought a "new light" that could replace religion and leave the Middle Age behind. Also, different discoveries and studies in physics, chemistry, and astronomy established the scientific method as a reliable way to produce knowledge. Therefore, Enlightenment thinkers applied the scientific method to social problems, and since then, multiple social sciences like sociology or anthropology have adopted this method until the present day.

polling is a process and the outcome is not involved in the process itself.

the outcome, which is an unfavorable rating for a particular candidate is not affected by the mechanical process of polling.

it rather depends on the number of people voting in favor of the candidate.

this is an outcome of people's preferences.

mustafa ataturk thought nationalism in turkey would best be achieved by modernizing the country.