What term do historians use to describe the study of the political ,social, cultural, and economic setting surrounding a historical event in order to understand it more thoroughly?

I think the term that best applies to it is historical materialism. It focuses on the dialectics of understanding history using contradictions in politics, economy, culture and social changes inside a society. These cause the development and changes to further improve and have another society that would cater the people's interest.

12 days because 1/4 is 25% of 100 if 100 is equal to 1 pound then multiply 3 by 4 which equals 12