The alien and sedition acts were designed to:
- keep the number of foreign immigrants to the united states to a minimum
- squelch the republican opposition to the federalist administration
- make it easier for immigrants to become citizens
- give formal recognition to the party system within the american government

the monroe doctrine is the best known u.s. policy toward the western hemisphere. buried in a routine annual message delivered to congress by president james monroe in december 1823, the doctrine warns european nations that the united states would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.

international economic development agencies harm poorer nations by encouraging them to serve as exporters to wealthier nations.