How did enlightenment thinkers ideas reduce the power of european monarch's?

Trench warfare began after germany failed in its initial plan to seize france and bring a quick end to the war. negotiate a temporary truce with the allied forces. attack the allies by sea with its powerful navy. storm across the eastern front to attack russia.

If one thinks illegal immigrants should become american citizens, should they become american citizens automatically or should there be a waiting period?

Which action by the us war department angered chief red cloud to the point that he refused to sign the treaty of fort laramie ? a) the killing of buffalo by the united states troops b) the appointment of troops to the powder river basin c) the burning of parts of the powder river basin d) the murder of chief red cloud’s wife