What is the difference between formal amendments and informal amendments? why are these practices so important and how have they contributed to the constitution’s ability to last for so long?

It's the process that indicates that changes in the constitution can be made in other forms than changing or adding text to constitution it can be made by courts, customs or by executive powers

the correct answer is d: "party organizers, volunteers, voters, and elected officials."

party organizers: individuals responsible for designing strategies in order to better execute the political campaign. this includes the candidate's public relations. volunteers: individuals responsible for raising awareness regarding the candidates running for office.voters: individuals who are convinced by volunteers that a particular candidate is the best option.elected officials: winning candidate and his elected team are a product of a successful political campaign.