(10 points) which describes a human cost of industrialization?
a. increased religious discrimination
b. factory injuries
c. growth of the slave trade
d. weakened democracy

B. factory injuries

Explanation:

The Industrial Revolution or First Industrial Revolution is the process of economic, social and technological transformation that began in the second half of the 18th century in the Kingdom of Great Britain, which extended a few decades later to a large part of Western Europe and Anglo-Saxon America, and which ended between 1820 and 1840. During this period the greatest set of economic, technological and social transformations in the history of mankind was experienced since the Neolithic, which saw the transition from a rural economy based fundamentally on agriculture and trade to a Economy of urban, industrialized and mechanized character.

The invention of the steam engine was one of the most important innovations of the Industrial Revolution. It made possible improvements in the work of the metal based on the use of coke instead of charcoal. In the eighteenth century the textile industry took advantage of the power of water for the operation of some machines. These industries became the model of organization of human work in factories.

In addition to the innovation of the machinery, the assembly line (Fordism) contributed a lot in the efficiency of the factories.

• Agricultural revolution: progressive increase in production thanks to the investment of the owners in new techniques and farming systems, in addition to the improvement of the use of fertilizers.

• The development of commercial capital: The machines were applied to transport and communication initiating a huge transformation. Now the relations between employers and workers are solely labor and in order to obtain benefits.

• Demographic-social changes: the modernization of agriculture allowed a demographic growth due to the improvement of food. There were also advances in medicine and hygiene, hence the population grew. There was also a migration from the countryside to the city because the occupation in agricultural work fell while the demand for work in the cities increased.

1. international: struggle for hegemony and empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state

2. political conflict: conflict between the monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.

3. the enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in montequieu’s spirit of the laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in rousseau’s social contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the literary underground of “grub street; ” the broadening influence of public opinion.

4. social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie

5. ineffective ruler: louis xvi

6. economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.

battle of saint-mihiel, (12–16 september 1918), allied victory and the first u.s.-led offensive in world war i. the allied attack against the saint-mihiel salient provided the americans with an opportunity to use their forces on the western front en masse.

explanation: