John locke and other enlightenment thinkers emphasized what over religion.

The correct answer is REASON.

The age of Enlightment and reason, gave rise to the development of the scientific revolution, which broke with centuries of religious dogmatism and superstitions. Moreover, it was the end of many instutions of the Ancient regime that laid on these foundations, such as the absolute monarchies that ruled most European countries, and that were overturn in many countries such as in France, after the French Revolution.

Science and knowledge development practices also changed drastically during the age of reason, as new ideas could be investigated even tough they were opposite to traditional religious beliefs.

russia and the united states we're at a verbal war that was nuclear russia wanted more power and to take over more countries

the fact that could also be added to column b is that during world war ii, specifically between the years 1941 and 1945, japan expanded its territory towards the indonesian territory in what was known later as part of the "pacific war". in that time, japan could conquer the philipines, singapore,   borneo, central java, malang, cebu, sumatra and various other islands of the area, therefore expanding its territory for a brief period of time.