An effect of the voyages of columbus was that:

a. other nations in europe formed alliances with spain.
b. other nations in europe found new routes to china.
c. other nations in europe worked to profit from the new world as spain did.
d. other nations in europe joined together to force spain out the new world.

Other nations in Europe worked to profit from the new world as Spain did

can we get more information?

explanation:

the doctrine of nullification recommended that states living inside the union have the one-sided, inalienable ideal to void any law made by the national government that could be esteemed illegal.

the united states was shaped based on a general agreement among its individual states. hence, it is inferred that under the hypothesis of invalidation, since the states are the establishment of the union, they have the ability to referee and disprove unlawful laws.