Businessmen during the gilded age of the late 19th century often favored relaxed immigration laws because they

Businessmen during the Gilded Age, in the late 19th century, supported relaxed immigration laws because they bring unskilled workers in the country. Industries in the late 19th century, employed immigrants as labors because they reduced the costs of production by paying them less money, which profited the industrialists. The supply of cheap labor was one of the reasons for the growth of industrialization in America.

i would say d out of common sense

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts