What was one of the consequences of the ratification of the 14th amendment?

We can affirm that the fourteenth amendment establishes the principle of the "right to citizenship by birth". "All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction are citizens of the United States and the state in which they reside." The amendment broadens the notion of citizenship, cancels the decision of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), who claimed that slaves and their descendants, could not enjoy the same constitutional rights as the rest of the people.

islam spread slowly through much of africa through trade and preaching.

use wikipedia, i think they have this.