Which dynasty was in power during islam’s golden age?
a. abbasid
b. umayyad
c. persian
d. byzantine

Option A, Abbasid  is the right answer.

In the history of Islam, the period between 8th to the 14th century is considered to be as the Islamic Golden age. During this period, much of the Islamic world was ruled by the Abbasid Caliphs (in particular by Harun al-Rashid, 786 to 809). During its golden age, economic development, cultural works and science reached its peak. Scholars from around all over the world translated the world's classical knowledge into the Arabic language in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

though both had similar roots, they both took these similar bases & formed it into their own way. both the byzantine empire and ancient roman have similar aspects, but each one made it unique. both the byzantine empire and ancient romans had roman influences which affected their culture