What common ideals inspired the anti-colonialist leaders and organizations in their movements for independence and decolonization?

It is said that colonialism is an outgrowth of nationalism. For example, once the people in leading industrial powers started to strongly identify as British, French, German, American or Japanese (to name the most famous colonialists), they fell in love with the idea of planting their national flags all over the map, hence "Empire".

It is also believed that anti-colonialism is also an outgrowth of nationalism. When people from Asia, Africa and Latin America started to strongly identify as Indian, Egyptian, Argentinian etc. (to name some of the opressed countries), they started to value their own country and fell in love with it and wanted to replace the foreing flags where they belonged.

So we can say that a common ideal was nationalism.

which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of russia?

map scale refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground. for example, on a 1: 100000 scale map, 1cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.