Pope urban ii launched the first crusade in response to which of the following?
a. the demands of the holy orders of knighthood
b. saladin's capture of jerusalem and defeat of richard the lionheart
c. the byzantine emperor's plea for against the seljuk turks
d. the visions of nicholas of cologne and stephen of cloyes

Using only this chart, which step would you take first to compare the standard of living in these countries? add the gdp numbers for the countries to get a total. divide each gdp number by its country's population. subtract each population number from its country's gdp. multiply the population number by the gdp for each country.