Which of the following was not a benefit of the portuguese expeditions down the african coastline?
a. the expeditions allowed for astonishing nautical successes and inspired further exploration.
b. the expeditions created new trading opportunities for portugal.
c. the expeditions brought them closer to discovering the interior of africa.
d. the expeditions brought them closer to discovering a sea route to india.

did you check the study guide?

the correct answer is a) egypt and china.

egypt and china are two of the world’s oldest civilizations known by man. both ancient empires have left a great historic and cultural legacy to the world through archeology. both civilzations developed complex social relations, had deep religious beliefs, had dominion of agriculture and left writing records to understand their customs and culture.

among the requirements to consider a civilization, we find urbanization, writing records, a place of residence, agriculture methods, technological specialization, means of transportation, currency, population density, social stratification, and political integration.