Political bosses and precinct captains a. often formed personal relationships with constituents. b. used threats and strong-arm techniques to keep control over constituents. c. were generally honest men who sought to serve the public interests. d. seldom sought out the support of immigrants.

b or c im pretty sure

the fact that could also be added to column b is that during world war ii, specifically between the years 1941 and 1945, japan expanded its territory towards the indonesian territory in what was known later as part of the "pacific war". in that time, japan could conquer the philipines, singapore,   borneo, central java, malang, cebu, sumatra and various other islands of the area, therefore expanding its territory for a brief period of time.