Clergy members often called upon to advise local rulers in political and social matters were .

Bishops.

Explanation:

Throughout the Middle Ages, Bishops became very powerful. The king was bound to take orders and advise from the Bishop in everyday state matters.

Bishops were not only acknowledged as superior to all the rulers of states in Europe but also supposed to be present in every ruler´s court for consultation.

martin luther believed that selling indulgences was wrong and gave people a license to sin. the roman catholic church used the practice of indulgences to raise money for major building projects.