What hardened colonists’ attitudes toward local american indians in virginia during the early 1600s?
a- the massacre of jamestown colonists
b- the encroachment of local tribes onto settlers’ land
c- the destruction of soil due to sugar crops
d- the enslavement of american indians by plantation owners

A- the massacre of Jamestown colonists

Explanation:

When the first permanent English colony was established in Jamestown, Virginia, the English were hoping to be dealt with positively by the American Indians. Be that as it may, this was not at first the situation.  

The American Indians considered English to be as gatecrashers, taking into account that these American Indians have been living on this land for quite a long time. This is one motivation behind why the American Indians assaulted, as they felt that the colonists were attempting to take control over their territory.

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.