The islamic world experienced a dark period during the 1200s and 1300s. what was the principal cause of the islamic world’s hardships? a. muslim nobles subjected most muslims to a miserable, difficult life of serfdom. b. mongol armies from central asia repeatedly invaded and conquered parts of the muslim world. c. european crusaders, attempting to win back jerusalem, enslaved most of the muslim world. d. christians from the byzantine empire continually tried to convert them to christianity.

B because during the 1200s and 1300s, the Mongol took over most of Afro-Eurasia. It was unexpected because they were a nomadic group.

A is wrong because serfdom implies the feudal system only seen in Europe and Feudal Japan.

C is wrong because the European Crusaders pretty lost every Crusade to the Muslims. The outcome of the Crusades were Europe's increased interest in Islamic goods.

D is wrong because the Byzantine Christians didn't do the Crusades, the Holy Roman Empire did.

eliminate individuals who opposed his rule

i believe the answer would be 1.