Rise of florence as one of the leading cities in europe from the 1400s to the 1800s can attributed to its

c) they were beaten and fired from their jobs.

the best description of postwar writers might be progressive.

following the war, writers showed a tendency to work on artistic or social matters rather than political themes. while postwar literature may not have been the greatest period of english literature, the themes provided excellent critics a high number of novels. such examples include anthony burgess, anthony powell and frank kermode, all of which can be placed under the progressive view.