15. Nation-building began in Europe as a result of war and the a.
growth of cities
C.
end of Muslim rule
b.
Black Death
d.
Magna Carta

a.

growth of cities

Explanation:

europe would not recognize the confederacy as an independent nation.

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.