"You've got all these people who are very prone to violence, heavily armed. You've got to find some way to get them to get along." - Kelly Gibson, Univ of Dallas.

after a more than a decade and a half of combating al qaeda (aq) in afghanistan and pakistan,

the united states faces a diverse array of threats from al qaeda affiliates in the middle east and

africa. while senior al qaeda figures reportedly remain based in pakistan, the network includes

a number of affiliates across the middle east and africa including al qaeda in the arabian

peninsula (aqap), al qaeda in the islamic maghreb (aqim), and al shabaab. al qaeda also

retains a small but possibly growing presence in afghanistan. u.s. officials have stated that al

qaeda still maintains a foothold in syria through its ties to hay’at tahrir al sham (formerly

known as the nusra front), though the exact nature of that relationship may be evolving. this

report examines the threat posed by al qaeda affiliates in the middle east and africa as described

by u.s. officials and outside observers, as well as the u.s. approach to date in responding to these

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abraham was promised great blessings by god, both to himself and his family, including all of his descendants. those blessings are called the abrahamic covenant.

the abrahamic covenant bible story has three main features:

1. the promised land of canaan (gen 12: 1) (gen 15: 7).

2. the promise of offspring to a 75-year-old childless abraham (genesis 12: 2) (gen 15: 4-6) (gen 17: 6-8).

3. the promise of blessings and redemption to abraham and the families of the earth through him. (genesis 12: 3).

finally, god gave abraham the rite of circumcision as the specific sign of the abrahamic covenant (genesis 17: 9–14).