By the end of WWI, what political tradition had essentially ended in Europe? • totalitarian government.
a
• rule by the old empires.
•competition among political parties.
•the democratic tradition.

3

Explanation:

on november 6 and 7, 1917 (or october 24 and 25 on the julian calendar, which is why the event is often referred to as the october revolution), leftist revolutionaries led by bolshevik party leader vladimir lenin launched a nearly bloodless coup d'état against the duma's provisional government.