According to the passage, which terms best describe the tactics of Indian nationalists? nonviolent and obedient
nonviolent and effective
violent and disobedient
violent and ineffective

A brilliant leader of the Indian independence movement emerged out of the violent rubble of Amritsar: Mohandas (“Mahatma”) Gandhi. Under Gandhi’s leadership, the Indian independence movement adopted a new strategy, nonviolent civil disobedience, the practice of protesting imperialism peacefully. As the leader of the Indian National Congress, Gandhi called for “Swaraj,” or self-rule, in addition to poverty reduction, expanded women’s rights, and religious pluralism, all of which he believed could be achieved peacefully. In 1935, Britain passed the Government of India Act, which allowed for local self-government and limited elections but no independence. For twelve more years, Indian nationalists worked toward this ultimate goal, finally achieving it in 1947. Less than a year after India secured its freedom from British rule, a Hindu nationalist assassinated Gandhi, angry at the leader’s relentless belief that Hindus and Muslims should live peacefully together in a united India.