What are three ways that White Americans used Jim Crow to disenfranchise and harm Black Americans?

Jim Crow was used to discriminate African-American citizens of the U.S by, Making black citizens seem like terrible people, be completely dmb, and be "overly religious"

all of the following apply except for (a. excessive credit on real estate resulting in defaulted loans.

in 1819, panic swept the country due,in part, to the rapid expansion of american manufacturing during the war of 1812 and the distress caused by the post-war british competition. the rapid expansion of american farming was another factor.

explanation:

utilized the penal colony