Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . It was during the Arab period, particularly under the Umayyads (756-1031), that Qurtubah [Cordova] enjoyed its prime and grandeur and took its place as the most civilized city in Western Europe. None of the other Spanish historic cities - Toledo, Seville, and Granada - approached it in material prosperity and intellectual attainments. When Christendom was

deep in its Dark Ages, Moslem Cordova was rearing men, evolving ideas, writing books, erecting buildings, and producing works of art that constituted a unique civilization. In the West it had one peer in Constantinople and in the East another, Baghdad. At no time before or after did any Spanish city enjoy such distinction

- Philip K. Hitti, Capital Cities of Arab Islam

Which term is best illustrated using this passage?

A) golden age
B) divine right
C) spheres of influence
D) global interdependence