What was the main cause of the islamic world's hardships during the thirteenth century?
a.
western europeans invading muslim lands
b.
mongol tribes invading muslim lands
c.
dissension between rival factions of islam
d.
famine and diseases introduced from africa

lost > < > < > < > < > < > < > > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > > < > < > < > < > > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > < > > > > < > < > < > < > < > < > > < > < > < > < > > < > < > < > < > < > > < > < > < > < > > < > < __a__t__l__a_s_|

| |

||