Which President thought that "Democracy is more bloody than either aristocracy or monarchy"?

Which of the following resulted from the passage of the dawes act in 1887?

This is the belief that a nation must develop and maintain a strong military force in order to pursue and defend its national interests.

In 1816, john c. calhoun proposed that: a. that the federal government aid in the construction of roads and canals to improve transportation to and from the west b. the united states should end slavery. c. the united states should increasing the size of the navy and invade central america. d. the united states should annex hawaii