1. What messages does the tughra convey to Ottoman subjects? How does it convey these messages? 2. The tughra includes writing in two different languages. What significance might the choice of languages have?

3.You can see modern-day versions of tughras throughout our culture. List a few examples.

the fifth and fourteenth amendments to the united states constitution each contain a due process clause. due process deals with the administration of justice and thus the due process clause acts as a safeguard from arbitrary denial of life, liberty, or property by the government outside the sanction of law.

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no every country is held to the same degree as others just some member countries such as the usa and germany are more economically sound so the need to show there support to all others  

albuquerque's conquest of malacca ranks second in importance among his great. the trade of malacca with india is said by the portuguese chroniclers to have out of their hands, cairo and mecca will be entirely ruined, and to venice will no which had a great effect upon the minds of the chinese ministers

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