Why might treaty promises need to be updated?

Numbing feelings with addictive substances becomes a vicious cycle as the addiction itself often manifests further negative emotions

Aresult of japan’s attack on pearl harbor was? a the us formed a pact with indochina against japan. b the us formed a pact with germany against japan. c thousands of americans died, and the us declared war. d thousands of japanese people died, and japan declared war.

What method did party bosses use to maintain the power of their political machines?