Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of the (1)Crusades and eastern Mediterranean trading networks
(2) merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
(3) Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
(4) conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along the Silk Road

Prior to the 1948 presidential campaign, truman won back the support of labor unions by highlighting his opposition to the taft-hartley act. supporting the passage of the national security act. pushing for equal rights for african american citizens. opposing the strikes of railroad and mine workers.