There were three main threats to the communist government: • Non-Russian nationalities in the country were keen at this stage to form their own independent sates and using the turmoil of the revolution to engineer this.

• Russians who hated communist rule who were referred to as ‘Whites’ as opposed to the ‘Red’ communists.

• Foreign, western powers like Britain, France, and the USA, who were all opposed to communism and who were in favor of the restoration of the Provisional Government. These powers were also furious and suspicious at the deaths of Tsar Nicholas and his family during the ‘Red Terror’ in July 1918.

3. What was the organisation of these threats and how did this differ to the communist set up? There are three main points stated: list them.