Which of the following tactics did many states once use to disenfranchise african american voters?
a. ñmotor voterî laws
b. age requirements
c. literacy tests
d. purging

The correct answer is C) the literacy test.

The tactics that many states once used to disenfranchise African American voters was the literacy test.  

During the 1850s and 1860s,  many Southern states applied a test to African American voters if the wanted to vote in elections. This was the literacy test. Its basic intention was to disenfranchise African American voters, and years later, immigrants. This test measured the proficiency of the person in topics such as reading and writing.

assuming that by westerners you mean americans. that they were mean and controlling and abusive to its peasants.

explanation:

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