How did Western powers gain the upper hand in Muslim regions of the world?

Through a mix of diplomacy and military threats, European powers won treaties giving them favorable trading terms. This was also due to the Muslim lands falling apart internally with decline.

Explanation:

Through a mix of diplomacy and military threats, European powers won treaties giving them favorable trading terms. This was also due to the Muslim lands falling apart internally with decline. Different groups in these areas felt nationalism and wanted independence which led to internal fighting.

soviet influence spread across eastern europe sharply during and after wwii. the soviet armies liberated the countries in eastern europe and occupied them from the germans as they were forced to retreat towards germany.