Changes that were occurring in the Italian city-states during the 11th to the 13th centuries.

well the fact it is basically a peninsula allowed trade to come from many places, thus allowing cultural diffusion to take place. india has seasonal monsoons that merchants travel back and forth from india using the monsoons wind patterns

there is no photo, therefore i can not answer your question.

b: to eliminate competition from other farmers

i beleive a. is the only possible answer