Need help with these 2 questions please

What triumphs did the late 19th century witness in the realms of industrial growth, urbanization, and technological innovation? what challenges did these developments pose for urban dwellers, workers, and recent immigrants? how did city officials and everyday citizens respond to these challenges?

List two inventions that were invented in the united states before the american civil war

Which were the most important issues during the presidential election of 2008? economic downturn and environmental protection two overseas wars and economic downturn two overseas wars and campaign spending environmental protection and campaign spending