Why was it so difficult for Catherine to end serfdom in Russia?

*Catherine the Great was reportedly tone-deaf and had to receive a signal to applaud at operas, concerts, and ballets.

*Catherine faced over a dozen uprisings during her rule.

*Catherine bestowed gifts, including land and titles, to her former lovers; one received more than a thousand indentured servants.

world war i began in 1914, after the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand, and lasted until 1918. during the conflict, germany, austria-hungary, bulgaria and the ottoman empire (the central powers) fought against great britain, france, russia, italy, romania, japan and the united states (the allied powers). to new military technologies and the horrors of trench warfare, world war i saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction. by the time the war was over and the allied powers claimed victory, more than 16 million people—soldiers and civilians alike—were dead.

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