1 What are the two central ideas of the article? (A) Many countries can be considered truly democratic if they meet certain criteria; it can be
difficult to identify authoritarianism because a leader's title does not indicate the form of
government.
(B) Many countries today claim that their citizens live in democracies; the only countries that
are actually democracies are Great Britain, France, Japan and the United States.
(C) Governments can be categorized loosely as either democratic or authoritarian; the freedoms
of democracy are largely rejected by authoritarian regimes.
(D) Governments all fall under the categories of either democracy or authoritarianism; some
nations change back and forth between the two through their histories.

paul willis (born 1950) is a british social scientist known for his work in sociology and cultural studies. paul willis' work is widely read in the fields of sociology, anthropology, and education, his work emphasizing consumer culture, socialization, music, and popular culture. he was born in wolverhampton[1] and received his education at the university of cambridge and at the university of birmingham. he worked at centre for contemporary cultural studies and subsequently at the university of wolverhampton. he was a professor of social/cultural ethnography at keele university. in the autumn of 2010, he left keele university and is now a professor at princeton university.

paul willis’s work has focused mainly, but not exclusively, on the ethnographic study of lived cultural forms in a wide variety of contexts. from highly structured to weakly structured ones, willis examines how practices of `informal cultural production` to produce and construct cultural worlds `from below`.[2]

trained in literary criticism at cambridge,[2] paul willis received his phd in 1972 from the centre for contemporary cultural studies at birmingham university where he remained as senior research fellow until 1981. he gave a paper at the 9th symposium of the natiohnal deviancy conference in january 1972 entitled 'a motor-bike subculture

during the 1980`s willis served as youth policy adviser to wolverhampton borough council in the english midlands. there he produced the youth review (published by the council and ashgate) which formed the basis for youth policy and for the formation of the democratically elected youth council, both still functioning. during the 1990s he served first as head of the division of media, communications and cultural studies, and then as a member of the professoriate at the university of wolverhampton. in 2000 willis co-founded the sage journal, ethnography. in 2003 willis was hired as a head professor of social and cultural ethnography at keele university.

early greek culture has had an important impact on government and education. first of all, they established the democratic political systems and procedures we have today. consequently, we inherited trial by jury for example. considering education, greek philosphers, mathematicians set he intellectual basis of different areas of studies. in addition, the alphabet originated from the phoenician alphabet into the one we have today and the first library was built in egypt. moreover, greek culture has an impact in current art, architecture and sports disciplines.

the correct answer would in fact be b. (: