When was Australia established as a British penal colony?

1788

Explanation:

Australia was established as a British penal colony in 1788. New South Wales which is a state in Australia was founded by the British and they took advantage of that by using the state as a place where they kept and transported criminals.

Most of the criminals transported to the region where those who were on death row and they were from different British states such as Scotland, Ireland etc.

the process of industrialization is called a revolution because

where is the subject? hahahaha