Throughout this period, in a policy that continues to this day, the government has given preferences to professionals like doctors, nurses, scientists, and hi-tech specialists, creating what is often called the ".

Brain Drain

Explanation:

Brain drain was a term that is often used by the Immigration department. It refers to the type of people that often had priorities to obtain a green card. The government tend to believe that the Brain Drain groups contribute more to the Nation's economy compared to other occupations.

Jobs that considered as 'Brain Drain' tend to be the jobs that require high mental capacity and often time require long period of training before can be considered as a professional such as doctors, nurses, scientists, and hi-tech specialists,

i would say your answer is a)

sorry if im wrong

small european communities with shared traditions consolidated into large new states (apex)