What is the constitutional basis for the implied powers of the federal government?

a. they are spelled out in the bill of rights.
b. they were assumed by the writers of the constitution to be necessary for the government to function.
c. they are allowed by the necessary and proper clause of the constitution.
d. they are directly listed in the constitution.

C. They are allowed under the necessary and proper clause of the constitution is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The powers that are exercised by the congress but it is not directly granted to it by the constitution are known as implied powers. They are mentioned under necessary and proper clause under Article One of Section Eight. It allows congress to pass laws which are considered necessary for exercising its enumerated powers. Most of the laws that are justified by the elastic clause and enacted under the doctrine of implied powers are controversial.

c) troops march forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons

a. "how old man winter was driven back” and “ormuzd and arimanes"