One important social effect of the development of political machines in the late 19th century

Strengthening the power of the elites/

Explanation:

Political machines refers to the group that is dedicated to create a political situation where a small group of elite will be benefited. in return, the political machines will be given with rewards by the Elites. The reward could be money, job positions, infrastructures, etc.

Most of Political machines were funded by large business owners. The machines were created to help a certain government official to obtain the position in government. This official would be someone that will represent the business interest in the legislative process.

it would be  

germany had to pay all damages related to the war.

and i think

germany had to take sole responsibility for the war.

definitely a for sure. ill see and update if i get the answer