During the European Renaissance what three countries specialized in copper, iron
gold, and silver

What triumphs did the late 19th century witness in the realms of industrial growth, urbanization, and technological innovation? what challenges did these developments pose for urban dwellers, workers, and recent immigrants? how did city officials and everyday citizens respond to these challenges?

The system of checks and balances was designed for what purpose? fear of strong state power to keep power out of one branch to appease the southern states to allow the judicial branch to have equal power

What spanish colony gained its independence in part due to the efforts and sacrfice of a village priest named father hidalgo? a. argentina b. venezuela c. mexico d. peru answer asap