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Read the passage. There are several questions about this passage.
A Winning Combination
Which sentence uses the word sign the same way it is
used in paragraph 15?
1
01. Remember to sign up for the after school
program.
2
02. The clouds in the distance are a sign of rain.
03. The student asked the author to sign his book.
04. People slow down before they get to a stop
sign.
4
5
"Grandpa Bill, what are you doing?" asked Micah, as he and his sister Mindy
sat down at a picnic table outside his grandparents' house. The table was
heaped with ears of sweet corn from the fields behind the house.
"I'm entering a cooking contest," grinned Grandpa Bill. "The state corn
growers' group is holding a cook-off. Every recipe has to use corn as one of the
Ingredients. The winner always makes something unusual, and I've finally
thought of something new and different. Want to hear what it is?" asked
Grandpa, raising one eyebrow.
"Tell usi" cried Micah and Mindy.
"Corn ice creaml" exclaimed Grandpa triumphantly.
"Um. That sounds a little weird, Grandpa," Micah said.
"Weird is good! Weird wins" declared Grandpa with confidence.
Micah and Mindy smiled as they followed Grandpa Bill into the kitchen.
Grandpa sometimes exaggerated his skills as a chef. Just last week Grandpa had
flipped two blackened disks that were supposed to be pancakes onto Micah's
breakfast plate. When Micah looked doubtful, Grandpa insisted, "They're not
burnt. They're just crispyl" Micah wondered if the corn ice cream might be
another one of Grandpa's cooking mishaps.
"Ta-dal" sang Grandpa, pointing at a wooden bucket with a crank sticking
out of its side. "I bought this old-fashioned ice-cream freezer at a garage sale.
And it still works!"
6
7
8

i dont know cuh

according to the denotation of “repeat,” history can’t repeat itself. (and if you want to get technical and into chaos theory, neither can anything else.) unlike lab-controlled experiments that can be exactly replicated (although not really), humans are life is always evolving and unpredictable and involves incalculable symbiotic relationships.

but, if we consider “repeat” as both a metaphor and in terms of its connotation, we can understand what people mean by “history repeats itself,” and it actually emerges as a useful conceptual tool. as mark twain put it, “history does not repeat itself, but it does rhyme.”

the vast, vast majority of people don’t in anyway think that history literally, exactly repeats itself. such would violate celebrated philosophies of free will. when people say that history repeats itself, they are generally thinking of broad patterns. another way to describe these patterns or relationships would be to describe them as cause and effect relationships. they are thinking about the existence of and continuation of

war,

poverty,

colonialism,

racism,

sexism,

classism, or

social movements, to list only a few of the repeated/unending phenomena of human history.a more specific example could be that every step forward in the long african-american civil rights movement has resulted in new forms of discrimination. lynching, disenfranchisement, and neo-enslavement (collectively called “jim crow”) replaced codified plantation and urban enslavement after the civil war and reconstruction era. today, the “new jim crow” (a system where by at least 1 out of every 3 black men are confined in the criminal justice system) replaced jim crow after the modern civil rights movement of the 1940s, 50s, and 60s.

people remain “babies” on the evolutionary ladder – we are greedy, shortsighted, and quick to buy into fear of “the other.” spending time trying to argue that history doesn’t repeat is ultimately not very productive for historians, a debate primarily involving semantic differences.

furthermore, if nothing “repeated,” it would quickly become impossible to study anything. much of what we study is about relationships between times and places. on the other hand, if we “dig deep,” language repeats all the time per se. if we had to relearn language every day, we would never progress. by saying “history repeats,” we are recognizing the ways in which we are bound to this world and products of it. this is not to say that nothing ever improves or changes.

as historians, we can and should use the real meanings behind notions that history repeats to students enjoy and embrace the study of our world. indeed one of the many reasons i enjoy studying history, as i tell students in my “what is history? ” lecture, is that history is comforting and allows us to see the world as a more steady place. according to the news and joe public, crime, poverty, you name it, are worse now than it ever has been. if we look at historical evidence, we can find that such fears are unnecessary. likewise, every generation says the previous generation had it better or older adults long for the time when they were adolescents when the world was a better, safer place (i call this the myth of the utopia past).  

finally, although human events can never come close to any kind of true replication, history belongs to both the liberal arts and the sciences. that history is a liberal art needs no explanation. that history is also a science, however, is where i tend to meet objections.

scientists follow the scientific method. they follow a series of steps to ensure their work is the best it can be given current resources. don’t historians do this? historians come up with questions, look for evidence, analyze evidence, weave in secondary material, write and edit, edit some more, and then go through peer-reviewers both informally and formally. this is indeed the historian’s equivalent of the scientific method. historical narratives or theories about the past are no more or less theories or narratives as human evolution or the big bang, for example. all scholarship involves theory and explanation based on evidence.

likewise, for reasons i haven’t fully grasped or studied yet, science tends to have more credibility with the public. people tend to perceive history as always changing, unstable, and inherently biased by “crazy, liberal academics.” in reality, science changes just as much, is just as unstable, and has just as many biases. in other words, history and any of the specific branches of science are all social constructions- both the discipline themselves and scholarship produced. by promoting the study of the past as a science, perhaps historians would have more automatic credibility.

be sure to check out: the nature of history and the history of history, i am many things but a “history buff” is not one of them. – hidden power of words series, #14, and my other postings about history, too!

explanation:

the anterior pituitary gland produces the following hormones and releases them into the bloodstream: psychotropic hormone, which stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete steroid hormones, principally cortisol. growth hormone, which regulates growth, metabolism and body       hope i

according to romans 13: 1-7, 1st peter 2: 12-14, and 1 timothy 2: 1-4, christians as citizens have specific responsibilities to a nation that gives liberties to its people. christians are obliged to live as good citizens by submitting to the human government. honor, or respect, is due to men in the high governmental station. a christian should reflect such respect not to gain some favor but because it is god’s will. peter 2: 14 notes that the purpose of the human government is to promote peace and justice in society. to submit to human government, peter includes three elements; obedience, respect, and good deeds.