What gives each state two senators and representatives based on population in each state

The Connecticut Compromise.

Explanation:

The Connecticut Compromise was an agreement made during the discussions for the approval of the Constitution in 1787, whereby the most and least populated states of the nation agreed on the way in which to organize the United States Congress without any of the these groups of states have an unfair advantage over the other. Thus, a bicameral Congress was organized, with a chamber organized in an egalitarian manner (the Senate) and another in proportion to the population of each state (the House).

the number of calories in each pack of cookies has a greater variation than the number of calories in each pack of crackers.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts