This map supports the conclusion that the Protestant Reformation a. created disunity amongst Christian Europe
b. united Christian European amongst their common enemy; the Ottoman Empire
c. spread to Russia after Germany and Scandinavia
d. was quickly reversed following the counter reformation

the picture is not clear

explanation:

b

make me

the answer to fill in the blank in this question would be the word resource, it is defined as the money, material or people (since human resource is a very valuable good) that a company or a person has at disposition (meaning they can use the resource as they see fit), to be able to complete a task or achieve a goal.  

formulating the initial idea for the policy

answer is c.