What can Japan's rise as an imperial power in the early twentieth century be directly attributed to? O Russia's threats of military action against Manchuria after the Boxer Rebellion.
O The decision by Japan's Meiji government to modernize and industrialize in the late 1800s.
The inability of China to adopt Western traditions and industrialize after the Opium Wars.
O The decision by Japan's Meiji government to close its ports to foreign trade and expel all foreigners.