13. Which of the following best characterizes African peoples during the early modern period? O A. Impoverished struggling agriculture, cut off from international trade, and hard-hit by bubonic plague
O B. Diverse multiple languages, religions, and forms of government
O C. Isolated-cut off from international trade, no exposure to other languages, and no resistance to outside disease
O D. Cohesive-mostly organized into large empires with only a few languages but the same religious beliefs

B. Diverse multiple languages, religions, and forms of government

Explanation:

Even though it's true that African people were hard hit by bubonic plague, this happened in 14th century. Not Africa in early modern period. This is why option A is wrong.

African was not cut-off from international trade. They established a good trading relationship with a lot of western countries (Superficially for Precious Stones, minerals, and fruits commodities.) This is why option B is wrong.

The vast majority of countries in African continent was run as a republic, not an empire. They are led by presidents and conduct their own election regularly just like most countries in the world. This is why option D is wrong.

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