Catholics in sixteenth-century Europe who wanted to ensure their salvation purchased a/an from the church. Martin Luther was tried at the , where the Holy Roman Empire decided that he wouldn't be allowed shelter in the Empire. The wars of religion in France were fought between the Bourbon family and the Catholic Guise family. Spain fought religious wars against both and England. At the , Protestant officials threw two Catholic officials out the window when Catholic officials demanded they convert to Catholicism. The policy that claims that countries should produce and export more goods than imports is called . were members of the middle class who helped enforce the rules of the new systems by working with the state. is the theory that states the Earth is the center of the universe, while heliocentrism theorized that the sun is the center of the universe. Scientific societies introduced the practice of , which ensured that new scientific research was as accurate as possible. The claim that women are intellectually inferior to men because they have smaller skulls is . Respond to the following based on your reading. Explain the most important consequences of the Thirty Years' War that led to changes in European societies. Why did changes in scientific thinking threaten the church?